FinanceCalcs
Average Calculator
Enter any list of numbers and instantly get the mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance, and more. Accepts numbers separated by commas, spaces, or new lines — paste a spreadsheet column directly.
Descriptive Statistics
0 numbers • sample
Mean: 0
Full Statistics
Sorted Data
| # | Value | Deviation from Mean | % of Total |
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"On average, humans have one testicle and one ovary. This is why the average is often less informative than the median or the distribution."
— Statistics and the Limits of Averages
Mean vs. Median vs. Mode
The mean (arithmetic average) is the sum divided by the count. It’s sensitive to outliers — one extreme value can pull it far from the “typical” value. The median is the middle value when sorted — it’s resistant to outliers. The mode is the most frequent value.
For income data, the median is almost always more meaningful than the mean. If 9 people earn $30,000 and one earns $1,000,000, the mean is $127,000 — which doesn’t describe any actual person in the group. The median of $30,000 is far more representative.
Standard deviation measures how spread out the values are around the mean. A small std deviation means values cluster tightly; a large one means they’re spread widely. About 68% of values in a normal distribution fall within one standard deviation of the mean.
Statistics FAQs
When should I use population vs. sample std deviation?
Use population (σ, divides by N) when you have data for every member of the group you care about. Use sample (s, divides by N−1) when your data is a subset meant to represent a larger group. The N−1 denominator (Bessel’s correction) compensates for the underestimation that occurs with sample data. When in doubt and your data is a sample, use sample.
What is the geometric mean?
The geometric mean is the nth root of the product of n values. It’s used for rates of change, investment returns, and any data that compounds — where multiplying is more appropriate than adding. The geometric mean of investment returns of 10%, −10% is not 0%; it’s √(1.1 × 0.9) − 1 = −0.5%.
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